Immune modulation treatments—where is the evidence?

Cholinergic Receptor Sensitivity Following Pharmacological Modulation of the Immune System

Objective. To study the effect of immunomodulators on learning and memory and on cholinergic receptor sensitivity. Methods. Animals were initially treated for a period of 8 days with cyclosporine/levamisole/saline. They were then subjected to passive avoidance training and 48 hrs later, the retention test for the passive avoidance task was conducted. Twenty-four hours after the retention tests ...

Is education immune from evidence-based scrutiny?

profession. However, the main focus of evidence-based practice has been in the clinical and research realms; with clinicians and researchers often bearing the brunt of criticism concerning the lack of evidence supporting physiotherapy management practices. In the move towards global evidencebased practice, very little attention has been given to the practices of physiotherapy education programs...

Acupuncture and immune modulation.

Acupuncture is probably the most popular alternative therapy practiced in the United States, Europe and many Asian countries. It has been applied clinically for more than 5 thousand years according to the ancient oriental medical theory. A great deal of acupuncture research has been achieved, with particular efforts toward understanding the pain control effects. In addition to the analgesic eff...

Amebic Liver Abscess in Rat: Morphological Evidence of Innate Immune Modulation by the Sympathetic Nervous System

All organs of the immune system are innervated and almost all neurotransmitter receptors are present on immune cells. We studied the effects of sympathetic innervation in the development of amebic liver abscess (ALA) in rats. Our results showed that lack of sympathetic innervation promote a decrease in size of ALA. We found scarce amoebas, increased the number of neutrophils and a few collagen ...

Contribution of Micronutrients Intake to the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: Is the Available Evidence Convincing?